api

adverbe, conjonction ou particule (invariable) : aussi, de même, près de, et, et puis, et alors…

• fréquemment réduit en pi ou, devant voyelle, en app-
• en composition : api ca : de plus, et aussi, en outre, par ailleurs ; itipi [iti-(a)pi] : ainsi donc… ; api … api : à la fois … et, ainsi que … et ; appekacce … appekacce : quelques-uns … et d'autres ; appekadā : “en outre, une fois” = parfois ; api ca kho : de plus, par ailleurs, et pourtant, malgré tout, tout de même ; api ca kho pana : tout de même, néanmoins ; apissu : tellement (que), tant et si bien (que), de plus… ; appeva nāma : sûrement, certainement, je reconnais que…, il semble que…, je présume, peut-être

api (indecl.) [Sk. api & pi; Idg. *epi *pi *opi; cp. Gr. e)/pi on to, o)/pi (o)/piqen behind, o)pi/ssa back = close at one's heels); Lat. ob. in certain functions; Goth. iftuma. ↔ The assimil. form before vowels is app˚ (= Sk. apy˚). See further details under pi.] both prep. & conj., orig. meaning “close by”, then as prep. “towards, to, on to, on” and as adv. “later, and, moreover”. –

1 (prep. & pref.) (a) prep. c. loc.: api ratte later on in the night (q. v.) – (b) pref.: apidhāna putting on to; apiḷahati bind on to, apihita (= Gr. e)piqeto/s, epithet) put on to, (q. v.). –

2. (conj. & part.). (a) in affirmative sentences meaning primarily “moreover, further, and then, even”: – (a) (single) prothetic: api dibbesu kāmesu even in heavenly joys Dh 187; ko disvā na pasīdeyya api kaṇhâbhijātiko even an unfortunate – born Sn 563 api yojanāni gacchāma, even for leagues we go Pv iv.107 (= anekāni yojanāni pi g. PvA 270. Epithetic (more freq. in the form pi): muhuttam api even a little while Dh 106, 107; aham api daṭṭhukāmo I also wish to see Sn 685. Out of prothetic use (= even = even if) develops the conditional meaning of “if”, as in api sakkuṇemu (and then we may = if we may) J v.24 (c. = api nāma sakkuṇeyyāma; see further under b appɔeva nāma). – api … api in correlation corresponds to Lat. et – et Sk ca – ca, meaning both … and, and … as well as, & is esp. freq. in combn. app' ekacce … app' ekacce (and) some … and others, i. e. some … others [not with Kern Toev. s. v. to appa!], e. g. at D i.118; Th 2, 216; VvA 208, etc. – app' ekadā “morever once” = sometimes Vin iv.178; S i.162; iv.111; J i.67; DhA iii.303, etc. –

(b) (in combn with other emphatic or executive particles) api ca further, and also, moreover D i.96; Miln 25, 47. – api ca kho moreover, and yet, still, all the same It 89 (+ pana v. l.); Miln 20, 239. – api ca kho pana all the same, never mind, nevertheless J i.253. – apissu so much so Vin ii.76. – app' eva nāma (with pot.) (either) surely, indeed, yes, I reckon, (or) I presume, it is likely that, perhaps Vin i.16 (surely); ii.85 (id.); cp. pi D i.205 (sve pi upasaṃkameyyāma tomorrow I shall surely come along), 226 (siyā thus shall it be); M i.460 = It 89 (moreover, indeed); J i.168 (surely) Vin ii.262 (perhaps) J v.421 (id., piyavācaṃ labheyyāma). – (b) in interrog. – dubit. sentences as part. of interrog. (w. indic. or pot.) corresponding to Lat. nonne, i e. awaiting an affirmative answer (“not, not then”): api Yasaŋ kulaputtaŋ passeyya do you not see … Vin i.16; api samaṇa balivadde addasā have you not then seen . . . S i.115; api kiñci labhāmase shall we then not get anything? J iii.26; api me pitaraṃ passatha do you then not see my father? PvA 38. – Also combd. with other interr. part. e. g. api nu J. ii.415.

api conj. cl. et, aussi, encore, également ; même | pourtant, toutefois, quoique, malgré cela | (après num.) exprime la totalité | (après interr.) exprime l'indéfini — prép. interr. (en début de phrase) est-ce que ? | plût au ciel que <opt.>! peut-être — pf. sur, près de (qqf. abrégé en pi).