ud

préposition (invariable) : vers le haut, en haut, sur ; en dehors de, hors de, loin de, erroné (“hors de propos”)

• commentaire : plus de la moitié des mots pālis commençant par “u” sont des combinaisons du préfixe “ud” ; le “d” disparaissant au profit du redoublement de la consonne initiale du substantif ou du verbe en composition : ujjavati = ud + javati ; ucchindati = ud + chindati ; uttarati = ud + tarati ; uppajjati = ud + pajjati…

ud – [Vedic ud – ; Goth. ūt = Ohg. ūz = E. out, Oir. ud – ; cp. Lat. ūsque “from – unto” & Gr. u(/steros = Sk. uttara] prefix in verbal & nominal combn. One half of all the words beginning with u˚ are combns. with ud˚, which in compn. appears modified according to the rules of assimilation as prevailing in Pāli. – I. Original meaning “out in an upward direction”, out of, forth – II. Hence develop 2 clearly defined meanings, viz. (1) out, out of, away from – (2) up (high) or high up, upwards, on to – III. More specialised meanings (from elliptical or figurative use) are: (1) ud˚ = without (2) ud˚ = off, i. e. out of the way, wrong – (3) ud˚ = out of the ordinary, i. e. exceedingly – IV. the most freq. combns. that ud˚ enters into are those with the intensifying prefixes abhi˚ and sam˚; see e. g. abhi + ud (= abbhud˚) + gacchati, ˚jalati; ˚ṭhāti; ˚namati etc.; sam + ud + eti; ˚kamati; ˚chindati; ˚tejeti; ˚pajjati etc.

ut var. uc, uj, ud, un pf. vers le haut, hors de ; échappant à, tendant à | supériorité sur ; cessation de || ang. out ; all. aus.