préfixe (invariable) :
vi (indecl.) [prefix, resting on Idg. *ṷi “two,” as conno- tation of duality or separation (Ger. “ent – zwei”), which is contained in viŋśati, num. for “twenty” (see vīsati), cp. Sk. viṣu apart, Gr. i)/dios private (lit. separate); also Sk. u – bhau both; and *ṷidh, as in Lat. dīvido=divide. A secondary (compar.) formation in Sk. vitara further, farther, Goth. wipra against, Ger. wider]
1. (a) inseparable prefix of separation and expansion, in original meaning of “asunder,” semantically closely related to Lat. dis – & Ger ver – . Often as base – prefix in var. meanings (see below 1 – 4), also very frequent as modifying prefix (in combn with other primary prefixes like ā, ni, pa, paṭi, saṃ), where its prevailing character is one of emphasis. – (b) The native grammarians define vi- either as “vividha” (i. e. our meaning 2): see Bdhgh. at SnA 136 (viharati=vividhaŋ hitaṃ harati); and Vism 179 vividhaṃ khittaŋ=vikkhittaṃ ; see also under viggaṇhati ; or “prātilomya” (i. e. meaning 3): Nirukta (ed. Roth) i.3; or paraphrase it by su˚ or suṭṭhu (i. e. meaning 4): see under vimāna & vippasanna. The latter meaning also in Hemacandra's Anek' ārtha – sangraha (ed. Calc.) 7, 15: “śreṣṭhe 'tīte nānārthe” (i. e. Nos. 4 & 2). – © vi˚ occurs also as distributive (repetitional) prefix in reduplication compounds (here closely resembling paṭi˚ and the negative a˚), like cuṇṇa – vicuṇṇa piecemeal, chidda – vicchidda holes upon holes, vaṭṭa – vivaṭṭa, etc. – Contracted forms are vy˚ (=viy˚ before vowels) and vo˚ (=vi+ ava); the guṇa & vriddhi form is ve˚.
II. Meanings. – 1. denoting expansion, spreading out; fig. variety or detail, to be trsld by expressions with over or about (cp. Lat. e – ), as: ˚kampati shake about, ˚kāseti open out, ˚kirati scatter about, ˚kūjati sing out (=upa – nadati C), ˚carati move about (=ā – hiṇḍati), ˚churita sprinkled about, ˚jāyati bring forth, ˚tāna “spread out,” ˚tthāra ex – tension, de – tail, ˚dāleti break open, ˚dhammati whirl about, ˚dhāyaka providing, ˚pakirati strew all over, ˚pphāra pervading, ˚pphārika ef – fulgence, ˚bhajati ex – plain, ˚bhatta dis – tributed, ˚bhāga division, distribution, ˚ravati shout out, ˚rūhana growing up, ˚rocati shine out, ˚ssajjati give out, ˚ssaṭṭha sent out, ˚ssara shouting out, ˚ssuta far – famed. – 2. denoting disturbance, separation, mixing up (opp. saŋ˚), as given with “away” or “down,” or the prefixes de – and dis – , e. g. ˚kasita burst asunder, ˚kubbana change, i. e. miracle (meta – morphosis), ˚kkaya sell (“ver – kaufen”), ˚kkhambhati de – stroy, ˚kkhāleti wash off (=ācameti), ˚kkhepa de – rangement, ˚gata dis – appeared (used as defn of vi˚ at ThA 80), ˚galita dripping down, ˚ggaha separation, ˚cinati dis – criminate, ˚jahati dis – miss, ˚desa foreign country (cp. verajjaka), ˚naṭṭha destroyed, ˚nata bending down, ˚nāsa de – struction, ˚nicchaya dis – crimination, ˚nodaka driving out, ˚pāteti to be destroyed, ˚ppalapati to talk confusedly, ˚rājeti discard as rāga, ˚rodha destruction, ˚lumpati break up, ˚vitta separated, ˚vidha mixed, ˚veka separation, ˚vāha carrying away, i. e. wedding. – 3. denoting the reverse of the simple verb, or loss, difference, opposite, reverse, as expressed by un – or dis – , e. g. ˚asana mis – fortune, ˚kaṭika unclean, ˚kappa change round, ˚kāra per – turbation, dis – tortion, ˚kāla wrong time, ˚tatha un – truth, ˚dhūma smoke – less, ˚patti corruption, ˚parīta dubious, ˚ppaṭipanna on the wrong track, ˚bhava non – existence (or as 4 “more” bhava, i. e. wealth), ˚mati doubt, ˚mānana dis – respect, ˚yoga separation, ˚raja fault – less, ˚rata abs – taining, ˚rūpa un – sightly, ˚vaṭa unveiled, ˚vaṇṇeti defame, ˚vāda dis – pute, ˚sama uneven, ˚ssandati overflow, ˚ssarita for – gotten, ˚siṭṭha distinguished, ˚sesa difference, distinction. – 4. in intensifying sense (developed fr. 1 & 2), mostly with terms expressing per se one or the other of shades of meanings given under 1 – 3; to be trsld by “away,” out, all over, “up,” or similarly (completely), e. g. ˚ākula quite confused, ˚katta cut up, ˚kopeti shake up, ˚garahati scold intensely, ˚chindati cut off, ˚jita conquered altogether, ˚jjotita resplendent, ˚tarati come quite through, ˚niyoga close connection, ˚nivatteti turn off completely, ˚pariṇāma intense change, ˚ppamutta quite released, ˚ppasanna quite purified, ˚pphalita crumpled up, ˚bandhana (close) fetter, ˚ramati cease altogether, ˚sahati have sufficient strength, ˚sukkha dried up, ˚suddha very bright, ˚ssamati rest fully (Ger. aus – ruhen), ˚haññati to get slain.
vi pf. (privatif) loin de, en dehors de, privé de, séparé de, distingué de ; en opposition avec | (péj.) mal | (intensif) varié ; intensifié ; très.