Table des matières

a

a- / an-

préfixe (invariable) privatif ou négatif : absence de…, sans…, non…

Pali-English Dictionary, TW Rhys Davids, William Stede

a-an- before vowels) [Vedic a-,an-; Idg. * n̊,gradation form to *ne (see na2); Gr. a),a)n-; Lat. *en-,in-; Goth.,Ohg. & Ags. un-; Oir. an-,in-] neg. part. prefixed to (1) nouns and adjectives; (2) verbal forms,used like (1),whether part.,ger.,grd. or inf.; (3) finite verbal forms. In compn. with words having originally two initial cons. the latter reappear in their assimilated form (e. g. appaṭicchavin). In meaning it equals na-, nir- and vi-. Often we find it opp. to sa-. Verbal negatives which occur in specific verb. function will be enumd. separately,while examples of neg. form. of (1) & (2) are given under their positive form unless the neg. involves a distinctly new concept,or if its form is likely to lead to confusion or misunderstanding. – Concerning the combining & contrasting (orig. neg.) –a- (â) in redupl. formations like bhavâ-bhava see ā4.

Dictionnaire Héritage du Sanscrit, Inria, Gérard Huet (dir.)

a- ou an- pf. privatif ou négatif ; forme des substantifs composés ; (rare) devant une forme verbale, donne un sens de blâme || gr. α, αν ; lat. in ; ang. un ; fr. a, an.

ā-

préfixe (invariable)

  • directionnel : en avant, en dehors, vers, sur
    • il marque un rapport personnel ou de contact à l'objet ou au but de l'action exprimée par le verbe
  • intensif (accumulation ou variété) : beaucoup de…

Pali-English Dictionary, TW Rhys Davids, William Stede

ā - 1 (indecl.) [Vedic ā, prep. with acc., loc., abl., meaning “to, towards”, & also “from”. Orig. an emphatic – deictic part. (Idg. *ē) = Gr. h)_ surely, really; Ohg. – ā etc., increment of a (Idg. *e), as in Sk. a – sau; Gr. e\kei_ (cp. a3), see Brugmann, Kurze Vergl. Gr. 464, 465] a frequent prefix, used as well – defined simple base – prefix (with rootderivations), but not as modification (i. e. first part of a double prefix cpd. like sam – ā – dhi) except in one case ā – ni – saŋsa (which is doubtful & of diff. origin, viz. from combn. āsaŋsa – nisaŋsa, see below 3b). It denotes either touch (contact) or a personal (close) relation to the object (ā ti anussaraṇɔ atthe nipāto PvA 165), or the aim of the action expressed in the verb. – (1.) As prep. c. abl. only in J in meaning “up to, until, about, near” J vi.192 (ā sahassehi = yāva s. C.), prob. a late development. As pref. in meaning “forth, out, to, towards, at, on” in foll. applications: – (a) aim in general or touch in particular (lit.), e. g. ākaḍḍhati pull to, along or up; ˚kāsa shining forth; ˚koṭeti knock at; ˚gacchati go towards; ˚camati rinse over; ˚neti bring towards, ad – duce; ˚bhā shining forth; ˚bhujati bend in; ˚masati touch at; ˚yata stretched out; ˚rabhati at – tempt; ˚rohana a – scending; ˚laya hanging on; ˚loketi look at; ˚vattati ad – vert; ˚vahati bring to; ˚vāsa dwelling at; ˚sādeti touch; ˚sīdati sit by; ˚hanati strike at. – (b) in reflexive function: close relation to subject or person actively concerned, e. g. ādāti take on or up (to oneself); ˚dāsa looking at, mirror; ˚dhāra support; ˚nandati rejoice; ˚nisaŋsa subjective gain; ˚bādha being affected; ˚modita pleased; ˚rakkha guarding; ˚rādhita satisfied; ˚rāma (personal) delight in; ˚lingati embrace (to oneself); ˚hāra taking to (oneself). – (c ) in transitive function: close relation to the object passively concerned, e. g. āghātana killing; ˚carati indulge in; ˚cikkhati point ont, explain; ˚jīva living on; ˚ṇāpeti give an order to somebody; ˚disati point out to some one; ˚bhindati cut; ˚manteti ad – dress; ˚yācati pray to; ˚roceti speak to; siñcati besprinkle; ˚sevati indulge in. – (d) out of meaning (a) develops that of an intensive – frequentative prefix in sense of “all – round, completely, very much”, e. g. ākiṇṇa strewn all over, ˚kula mixed up; ˚dhuta moved about; ˚rāva shouting out or very much; ˚luḷati move about; ˚hiṇḍati roam about. – 2. Affinities. Closely related in meaning and often interchanging are the foll. prep. (prefixes): anu (˚bhati), abhi (˚saŋsati), pa (˚tapati), paṭi (˚kankhati) in meaning 1 a – c; and vi (˚kirati, ˚ghāta, ˚cameti, ˚lepa, ˚lopa), sam (˚tapati, ˚dassati) in meaning 1 d. See also 3b. – 3. Combinations: (a) Intensifying combns. of other modifying prefixes with ā as base: anu + ā (anvā – gacchati, ˚disati, ˚maddati, ˚rohati, ˚visati, ˚sanna, ˚hata), paṭi + ā (paccā – janati, ˚ttharati, ˚dāti, ˚savati), pari + ā (pariyā – ñāta, ˚dāti, ˚pajjati, ˚harati), sam + ā (samā – disati, ˚dāna, ˚dhi, ˚pajjati, ˚rabhati). – (b) Contrast – combns. with other pref. in a double cpd. of noun, adj. or verb (cp. above 2) in meaning of “up & down, in & out, to & fro”; ā + ni: āvedhika – nibbedhika, āsaŋsa – nisaŋsa (contracted to ānisaŋsa), āsevita – nisevita; ā + pa: assasatipassasati (where both terms are semantically alike; in exegesis however they have been differentiated in a way which looks like a distortion of the original meaning, viz. assasati is taken as “breathing out”, passasati as “breathing in”: see Vism 271), assāsa – passāsa, āmoditapamodita, āhuna – pāhuna, āhuneyya – pāhuneyya; ā + paccā : ākoṭita – paccākoṭita; ā + pari: ākaḍḍhana – parikaḍḍhana, āsankita – parisankita; ā + vi: ālokita – vilokita, āvāha – vivāha, āveṭhana – viniveṭhana; a + sam: allāpa – sallāpa: ā + samā: āciṇṇa – samāciṇṇa. – 4. Before double consonants ā is shortened to a and words containing ā in this form are to be found under a˚, e. g. akkamaṇa, akkhitta, acchādeti, aññāta, appoṭeti, allāpa, assāda. ā - 4 infix in repetition – cpds. denoting accumulation or variety (by contrast with the opposite, cp. ā1 3b), constitutes a guṇa – or increment – form of neg. pref. a (see a2), as in foll.: phalâphala all sorts of fruit (lit. what is fruit & not fruit) freq. in Jātakas, e. g. i.416; ii.160; iii.127; iv.220, 307, 449; v.313; vi.520; kāraṇâkāraṇāni all sorts of duties J vi.333; DhA i.385; khaṇḍâkhaṇḍa pêle – mêle J i.114; iii.256; gaṇḍâgaṇḍa a mass of boils DhA iii.297; cirâciraŋ continually Vin iv.261; bhavâbhava all kinds of existences Sn 801, cp. Nd1 109; Nd2 664; Th 1, 784 (˚esu = mahant – âmahantesu bh. C., see Brethren 305); rūpârūpa the whole aggregate ThA 285; etc.

Dictionnaire Héritage du Sanscrit, Inria, Gérard Huet (dir.)

ā pf. à, vers (le locuteur) <vb. de mouvement> (sens réfléchi) | un peu, tirant sur <s. de couleur ou quantité> (ex. ānīla bleuâtre, oṣṇa tiède) — prép. depuis <abl.>; jusqu'à, et même jusqu'à, aussi loin que <abl.> — conj. de plus, et même | part. de réminiscence, de compassion ou de douleur || lat. ā.

 
a.txt · Dernière modification : 2023/08/26 12:23 de dtrotignon
 
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