Table des matières

samadhi

samādhi

substantif (féminin) : recueillement, concentration (“esprit fixé en un point”)

Pali-English Dictionary, TW Rhys Davids, William Stede

samādhi [fr.saṃ+ā+dhā] 1.concentration; a concentrated,self-collected,intent state of mind and meditation,which,concomitant with right living,is a necessary condition to the attainment of higher wisdom and emancipation.In the Subha-suttanta of the Dīgha (D.I,209 sq.) samādhi-khandha (“section on concentration”) is the title otherwise given to the cittasampadā,which,in the ascending order of merit accruing from the life of a samaṇa (see Sāmaññaphala-suttanta,and cp.Dial.I.57 sq.) stands between the sīla-sampadā and the paññā-sampadā.In the Ambaṭṭha-sutta the corresponding terms are sīla,caraṇa,vijjā (D.I.100).Thus samādhi would comprise (a) the guarding of the senses (indriyesu gutta-dvāratā),(b) self-possession (sati-sampajañña),(c) contentment (santuṭṭhi),(d) emancipation from the 5 hindrances (nīvaraṇāni),(e) the 4 jhānas.In the same way we find samādhi grouped as one of the sampadās at A.III,12 (sīla°,samādhi°,paññā°,vimutti°),and as samādhi-khandha (with sīla° & paññā°) at D.III,229 (+vimutti°); A.I,125; II,20; III,15; V,326; Nd1 21; Nd2 p.277 (s.v.sīla).It is defined as cittassa ekaggatā M.I,301; Dhs.15; DhsA.118; cp.Cpd.89 n.4; identified with avikkhepa Dhs.57,and with samatha Dhs.54.– sammā° is one the constituents of the eightfold ariya-magga,e.g.D.III,277; VbhA.120 sq.– See further D.II,123 (ariya); Vin.I,97,104; S.I,28; Nd1 365; Miln.337; Vism.84 sq.(with definition),289 (+vipassanā),380 (°vipphārā iddhi); VbhA.91; DhA.I,427; and on term in general Heiler,Buddhistische Versenkung 104 sq.– 2.Description & characterization of samādhi: Its four nimittas or signs are the four satipaṭṭhānas M.I,301; six conditions and six hindrances A.III,427; other hindrances M.III,158.The second jhāna is born from samādhi D.II,186; it is a condition for attaining kusalā dhammā A.I,115; Miln.38; conducive to insight A.III,19,24 sq.,200; S.IV,80; to seeing heavenly sights etc.D.I,173; to removing mountains etc.A.III,311; removes the delusions of self A.I,132 sq.; leads to Arahantship A.II,45; the ānantarika s.Sn.226; cetosamādhi (rapture of mind) D.I,13; A.II,54; III,51; S.IV,297; citta° id.Nett 16.dhammasamādhi almost identical with samatha S.IV,350 sq.– Two grades of samādhi distinguished,viz.upacāra-s.(preparatory concentration) and appanā-s.(attainment concentration) DA.I,217; Vism.126; Cpd.54,56 sq.; only the latter results in jhāna; to these a 3rd (preliminary) grade is added as khaṇika° (momentary) at Vism.144.– Three kinds of s.are distinguished,suññata or empty,appaṇihita or aimless,and animitta or signless A.I,299; S.IV,360; cp.IV.296; Vin.III,93; Miln.337; cp.333 sq.; DhsA.179 sq.,222 sq.,290 sq.; see Yogāvacara’s Manual p.xxvii; samādhi (tayo samādhī) is savitakka savicāra,avitakka vicāramatta or avitakka avicāra D.III,219; Kvu 570; cp.413; Miln.337; DhsA.179 sq.; it is fourfold chanda-,viriya-,citta-,and vīmaṃsā-samādhi D.II,213; S.V,268.– Another fourfold division is that into hāna-bhāgiya,ṭhiti°,visesa°,nibbedha° D.III,277 (as “dhammā duppaṭivijjhā”). –indriya the faculty of concentration A.II,149; Dhs.15.–khandha the section on s.see above 1.–ja produced by concentration D.I,74; III,13; Vism.158.–parikkhāra requisite to the attainment of samādhi:either 4 (the sammappadhānas) M.I,301; or 7:D.II,216; III,252; A.IV,40.–bala the power of concentration A.I,94; II,252; D.III,213,253; Dhs.28.–bhāvanā cultivation,attainment of samādhi M.I,301; A.II,44 sq.(four different kinds mentioned); III,25 sq.; D.III,222; Vism.371.–saṃvattanika conducive to concentration A.II,57; S.IV,272 sq.; D.III,245; Dhs.1344.–sambojjhaṅga the s.constituent of enlightment D.III,106,226,252; Vism.134=VbhA.283 (with the eleven means of cultivating it).

Dictionnaire Héritage du Sanscrit, Inria, Gérard Huet (dir.)

samādhi [act. samādhā] m. union, totalité; accomplissement, achèvement | concen­tration de l'esprit; contemplation, méditation religieuse accomplie; identification avec l'objet de la méditation; transe spirituelle, extase; (Eliade) enstase | phil. état d'arrêt du psychisme, permettant de ressentir la réalité divine objective; [yoga] la communion spirituelle, 8e étape et accomplissement du rājayoga (cf. aṣṭāṅgayoga); [vedānta] on distingue plusieurs qualités [guṇa] de samādhi: tāmasika samādhi, la contemplation du vide, dans l'état de śūnyabhāva; rājasika samādhi, qui comprend 3 étapes: savikalpa samādhi, l'identification à l'objet en restant conscient de son identité, savitarka samādhi, l'identification raisonnée [«avec distinction»], et savicāra samādhi, la connaissance de la finalité de l'objet identifié [«avec réflexion»]; enfin sāttvika samādhi (syn. nirvicāra samādhi), l'identification totale et impersonnelle avec l'objet [«sans réflexion»], qui comprend 3 étapes: ānandānugata samādhi, l'état de grâce, asmitā samādhi, l'auto-réalisation, où l'on distingue puruṣa de prakṛti (sabīja), et asaṃprajñāta samādhi, l'arrêt de la pensée, où l'on atteint la libération [kaivalya] par suppression des impressions personnelles [saṃskāra], sans le support de citta (en dharmamegha, nirbīja) | bd. l'extinction [nirvāṇa] ou absorption dans le vide [śūnyatāsamādhi] | lit. (poétique) intuition du sens | mod. décès; cendres; mausolée, cénotaphe.