préfixe (invariable) : ensemble, avec, en compagnie de, proche, (tout) contre
saṃ- (indecl.) [prefix; Idg. *sem one; one & the same, cp. Gr. o(malo/s even, a(/ma at one, o(mo/s together; Sk. sama even, the same; samā in the same way; Av. hama same=Goth. sama, samap together; Lat. simul (=simultaneous), similis “re – sembling.” Also Sk. sa (=sa2) together=Gr. a( – a) – (e. g. a)/koitis); Av. ha – ; and samyak towards one point=P. sammā. – Analogously to Lat. semel “once,” simul, we find sa- as numeral base for “one” in Vedic sakṛt “once”=P. sakid (& sakad), sahasra 1000=P. sahassa, and in adv. sadā “always,” lit. “in one”] prefix, implying conjunction & completeness. saṃ- is after vi- (19%) the most frequent (16%) of all Pāli prefixes. Its primary meaning is “together” (cp. Lat. con-); hence arises that of a closer connection or a more accentuated action than that expressed by the simple verb (intensifying=thoroughly, quite), or noun. Very often merely pleonastic, esp. in combn with other prefixes (e. g. sam – anu-, sam – ā-, sam – pa-). In meaning of “near by, together” it is opposed to para-; as modifying prefix it is contrary to abhi- and (more frequently) to vi- (e. g. saṃvadati> vivadati), whereas it often equals pa- (e. g. pamodati> sammodati), with which it is often combd as sampa-; and also abhi- (e. g. abhivaḍḍhati>saṃvaḍḍhati), with which often combd as abhisaṃ-. – Bdhgh & Dhpāla explain saṃ- by sammā (SnA 151; KhA 209: so read for samā āgatā), suṭṭhu (see e. g. santasita, santusita), or samantā (=altogether; SnA 152, 154), or (dogmatically) sakena santena samena (KhA 240), or as “saṃyoga” Vism 495. – In combn with y we find both saṃy- and saññ-. The usual conṭracted form before r is sā-.
sam pf. (intensif) complètement, totalement, parfaitement | avec; conformément à, en accord avec; ensemble, en commun | réciproquement || lat. sem.
[relié à sa (avec, ayant, muni de, y compris) et saha (ensemble, à la fois, simultanément ; opp. vinā — prép. cl. avec, en compagnie de, accompagné de, pourvu de, y compris)]