préfixe (invariable) : loin de, éloigné, en bas, faible ; (péjoratif)
ava˚ (prefix) I. Relation between ava & o. Phonetically the difference between ava & o is this, that ava is the older form, whereas o represents a later development. Historically the case is often reversed – that is, the form in o was in use first & the form in ava was built up, sometimes quite independently, long afterwards. Okaḍḍhati, okappati, okappanā, okassati, okāra, okantati, okkamati, ogacchati, odāta and others may be used as examples. The difference in many cases has given rise to a differentiation of meaning, like E. ripe: rife, quash: squash; Ger. Knabe: Knappe etc. (see below B 2). – A. The old Pāli form of the prefix is o. In same cases however a Vedic form in ava has been preserved by virtue of its archaic character. In words forming the 2nd part of a cpd. we have ava, while the absolute form of the same word has o. See e.g. avakāsa ( – ˚) > okāsa (˚ – ); avacara > ocaraka; avatata; avadāta; avabhāsa; avasāna. – B. 1. the proportion in the words before us (early and later) is that o alone is found in 65% of all cases, ava alone in 24%, and ava as well as o in 11%. The proportion of forms in ava increases as the books or passages become later. Restricted to the older literature (the 4 Nikāyas) are the foll. forms with o: okiri, okkanti, okkamati, okkhipati, ogacchati, ossajati. – (1) The Pāli form (o˚) shows a differentiation in meaning against the later Sanskrit forms (ava˚).
ava pf. vers le bas; à l'écart de | péjoratif.
apa prép. séparément, hors de ; sans ; à partir de ; émanant de ; opp. upa || gr. απο ; lat. ab ; ang. of.