====== jati ======
===== jāti =====

//substantif// (féminin) : **naissance**, génération ; race, descendance, généalogie, rang, caste ; genre, espèce
  * déclinaison : [[declinaison_noms|thème en -i]]
  * étymologie : [[janati|janati]]

===Pali-English Dictionary, TW Rhys Davids & William Stede===
(__extrait__ ; lire la totalité : [[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/pali_query.py?qs=jāti&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact]]) \\ \\
**jāti** (f.) [see janati & cp. Gr. γενεά, γένεσις; Lat. gens; Goth. kind-ins]. — Instr. jātiyā (Sn 423) & jaccā (D ii.8; J iii.395; Dh 393); abl. jātiyā (S i.88) & jātito (by descent: D ii.8); loc. jātiyaŋ (PvA 10) & jātiyā (PvA 78). — 1. birth, rebirth, possibility of rebirth, "future life" as disposition to be born again, "former life" as cause of this life. — Jāti is a condition precedent of age, sickness & death, and is fraught with sorrow, pain & disappointment. It is itself the final outcome of a kamma, resting on avijjā, performed in anterior births; & forms thus the concluding link in the chain of the Paṭicca-samuppāda. [...] — 2. descent, race, rank, genealogy (cp. φυή, genus), often combd w. gotta. Two grades of descent are enumd at Vin iv.6 as hīnā jāti (low birth), consisting of Candāḷa, Veṇa, Nesāda, Rathakāra & Pukkusa; and ukkaṭṭhā j. (superior birth), comprising Khattiyas & Brāhmaṇas. [...] — 3. a sort of, kind of (cp. jāta 3): catujātigandha four kinds of scent J i.265; ii.291. — 4. (jāti˚) by (mere) birth or nature, natural (opp. artificial); or genuine, pure, excellent (opp. adulterated, inferior), cp. jāta 1 (b): in cpds., like ˚maṇi, ˚vīṇā, etc. \\ 
//jātikkhaya// the destruction of the chance of being reborn S v.168; A i.167; Sn 209, 517, 743; Dh 423. -//khetta// the realm of rebirth PvA 138 (=dasa cakkavāḷasahassāni); -//thaddha// conceited, proud of birth Sn 104 (+dhanatthaddha, //gotta//˚: proud of wealth & name); -//thera// a Th. by rank D iii.218; -//nirodha// the extermination of (the cause of) rebirth Vin i.1≈; -//pabhava// the origin or root of existence Sn 728; -//puppha// nutmeg J vi.367; -//bhaya// the fear of rebirth A ii.121; -//bhūmi// natural ground, in ˚bhūmaka, ˚bhūmika, ˚bhūmiya living on nat. gr. (vassaŋ vasati) M i.145; A iii.366; -//maṇi// a genuine precious stone J ii.417; -//maya// constituting birth, being like birth ThA 285; -//vāda// reputation of birth, character of descent, parentage. The 1st of the 5 characteristics constituting a "well-bred" brahmin: yāva sattamā pitāmahāyugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena "of unblemished parentage back to the 7th generation" D i.120, etc. (=DA i.281); A i.166; iii.152, 223; Sn 315, 596. Cp. gotta-vāda (e. g. D i.99); -//vibhanga// a characteristic of birth, a distinction in descent Sn 600; -//vīṇā// a first-class lute J ii.249; -//sampanna// endowed with (pure) birth (in phrase khattiyo muddhâvasitto j.˚) A iii.152; -//sambhava// the origin of birth A i.142; iii.311; J i.168; -//sambheda// difference of rank DhA i.166; -//saŋsāra// the cycle of transmigration, the saŋsāra of rebirths (see above 1 d. f.): pahīna left behind, overcome (by an Arahant) M i.139; A iii.84, 86; ˚ŋ khepetvā id. Th 2, 168; vitiṇṇo j.˚ n' atthi tassa punabbhavo Sn 746; -//sindhava// a well-bred horse J ii.97; -//ssara// the remembrance of (former) births (˚ñāṇa) J i.167; iv.29; DhA ii.27; iv.51; cp. cutûpapāta-ñāṇa); -//hingulaka// (& hingulikā) natural vermilion J v.67; VvA 4, 168, 324.

===Dictionnaire Héritage du Sanscrit, Inria, Gérard Huet (dir.)===
**jāti** [*jan-ti] f. famille, caste ; genre, espèce ; naissance, race, noblesse, rang | sorte, classe | bio. espèce animale ou végétale | bd. la naissance, 11e cause de souffrance [pratītyasamutpāda] | phil. généralité, trait commun ; opp. vyakti | phil. [Nyāya] caractère générique | gram. [sémantique] universel | gram. mot commun ; mot tout-fait | lit. type de langue (sanskrit, prakrit ou apabhraṃśa) | lit. [«caractère intrinsèque»] procédé poétique [alaṃkāra] de description réaliste de la nature ; syn. svabhāvokti | phon. classe de mètres, mesurés en mores [mātra] ; opp. vṛttā | var. jātī bio. bot. Myristica fragrans, arbre muscadier ; la graine de son fruit est la noix de muscade.