====== deva ======
===== deva =====

//substantif// (masculin) : **dieu** ("celui qui brille")
  * déclinaison : [[declinaison_noms|thème en -a]]
  * étymologie : [[diva|diva]] (gr. : θεός - //theós// ; lat. //deus// => fr. "dieu")
=====Pali-English Dictionary, TW Rhys Davids, William Stede=====
**deva** [Ved．deva，Idg．*deịā to shine （see dibba & diva），orig．adj．*deiǔos belonging to the sky，cp．Av．daēvō （demon.），Lat．deus，Lith．dë̃vas； Ohg．&slashedZ；īo； Ags．Tīg，Gen．Tīwes （=Tuesday）； Oir．dia （god）．The popular etymology refers it to the root div in the sense of playing，sporting or amusing oneself：dibbanti ti devā，pañcahi kāmaguṇehi kīḷanti attano vā siriyā jotantī ti attho KhA 123] a god，a divine being； usually in pl．**devā** the gods．As title attributed to any superhuman being or beings regarded to be in certain respects above the human level．Thus primarily （see 1a） used of the first of the next-world devas，Sakka，then also of subordinate deities，demons & spirits （devaññatarā some kind of deity； snake-demons：nāgas，tree-gods：rukkhadevatā etc.）．Also title of the king （3）．Always implying splendour （cp．above etym.） & mobility，beauty，goodness & light，& as such opposed to the dark powers of mischief & destruction （asurā：Titans； petā：miserable ghosts； nerayikā sattā：beings in Niraya）．A double position （dark & light） is occupied by Yama，the god of the Dead （see Yama & below 1 c）．Always implying also a kinship and continuity of life with humanity and other beings； all devas have been man and may again become men （cp．D.I，17 sq.； S.III，85），hence “gods” is not a coincident term．All devas are themselves in saṁsāra，needing salvation．Many are found worshipping saints （Th.I，627--9； Th.II，365）．-- The collective appellations differ； there are var．groups of divine beings，which in their totality （cp．tāvatiṁsa） include some or most of the well-known Vedic deities．Thus some collect．designations are devā sa-indakā （the gods，including Indra or with their ruler at their head：D.II，208； S.III，90，A.V，325），sa-pajāpatikā （S.III，90），sa-mārakā （see deva-manussaloka），sa-brahmakā （S.III，90）．See below 1 b．Lists of popular gods are to be found，e．g．at D.II，253； III，194．-- A current distinction dating from the latest books in the canon is that into 3 classes，viz．sammuti-devā （conventional gods，gods in the public opinion，i．e．kings & princes J.I，132； DA.I，174），visuddhi° （beings divine by purity，i．e．of great religious merit or attainment like Arahants & Buddhas），& upapatti° （being born divine，i．e．in a heavenly state as one of the gatis，like bhumma-devā etc.）．This division in detail at Nd2 307； Vbh.422； KhA 123； VvA.18．Under the 3rd category （upapatti°） seven groups are enumerated in the foll．order：Cātummahārājikā devā，Tāvatiṁsā d．（with Sakka as chief），Yāmā d.，Tusitā d.，Nimmānaratī d.，Paranimmita-vasavattī d.，Bṛahmakāyikā d．Thus at D.I，216 sq.； A.I，210，332 sq.； Nd2 307； cp．S.I，133 & J.I，48．See also devatā.\\
Lire la suite à la page : [[http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:2559.pali]]

=====Dictionnaire Héritage du Sanscrit, Inria, Gérard Huet (dir.)=====
**deva** [agt. div] a. m. n. f. devī brillant | divin — m. dieu [«être de lumière»] | phil. personnification d'une manifestation de la puissance divine | pl. devās myth. les dieux; la tradition en donne une liste conventionnelle de 33 [trayastriṃśa] | roi, sa majesté — f. devī déesse; reine | phil. np. de Devī, la Déesse — v. [11] pr. (devayati) adorer, prier, faire ses dévotions || lat. divus; fr. divin; avestique daeva.