====== ca ====== ===== ca ===== //particule enclitique, indéfinie, copulative ou disjonctive, ou conditionnelle// (invariable) : **et** ; **alors**, maintenant ; **mais** ; **si** * généralement placé après le deuxième et le troisième terme d'une liste ==emplois idiomatiques== * **tadā ca** : et maintenant... * **-- ca / c’eva... -- ca** : aussi bien que, autant que (//tuyhañ ca tassā ca// : autant pour vous que pour elle : //hasi c’eva rodi ca// : il a autant ri que pleuré) * **kiṃ ca** : qu'est-ce donc que... * **yo ca** : mais qui... * **yadā ca** : mais quand... * **na ca** : mais ne pas... ; si ne pas... =====Pali-English Dictionary, TW Rhys Davids, William Stede===== **ca** （indef．enchtic particle） [Vedic ca adv．to rel．pron．*qǔo，idg．*que=Cr．te，Lat．que，Goth．--h．Cp．ka，ki，ku] \\ __1．Indefinite__ （after demonstr．pron．in the sense of kiṁ = what about？ or how is it？ cp．kiṁ） = ever，whoever，what-ever，etc．[Sk．kaśca，Gr．οs te，Lat：quisque，Goth．hvazuh] **so ca** whoever （see below 3），**tañ ca** pan’amhākaṁ ruccati tena c’amhā attamanā M．I，93; **yañ ca kho** ．．．ceteti **yañ ca** pakappeti ．．．whatever he thinks，whatever he intends ．．．S．II，65．As a rule the Pali form corresp．to Sk．kaśca is *kascid=koci，& ci （cid） is the regular P．representative of the indefinite ca （cp．cana & api）．-- \\ __2．Copulative or disjunctive__ according to the general context being positive or negative．\\ （a） copulative：and，then，now ： **tadā ca** now then，and then （in historical exposition） J．III，188．Most frequent in connecting two or three words，usually placed after the second，but also after the third ： atthaṁ anatthañ ca Dh．256; pubbâparāni ca Dh．352; alaṁ etehi ambehi jambūhi panasehi ca J．II，160．-- In the same sense added to each link of the chain as ca-ca （cp．Sk．ca-ca，Gr．te te，Lat．que que; also mixed with constituents of similar pairs as api-ca，cp．te-kai） ： **tuyhañ ca tassā ca** to you and her （orig．this or whatever to you，whatever to her）=to you as well as to her J．I，151．Often with the first member emphasized by eva ： **c’eva**，as well as ： hasi c’eva rodi ca, he laughed as well as cried J．I，167; maṁsena c’eva phalāphalena ca, with flesh as well as with all kinds of fruit J．III，127; subhaddako c’eva supesalo ca J．III，82; c’eva apace padūse pi ca, waste and even defile ThA．72 （Ap V．40）．‹-› \\ （b） disjunctive ： but （esp．after a negation） ： **yo ca** but who Th．1，401; **yadā ca** but when （cp．tadā ca） J．III，128．In conditional clauses （cp．3） combd with sace = but if，on the other hand ： sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati ．．．sace ca pabbajati agārā Sn．1003．With neg，**na ca** = but not ： mahatī vata te bondi，na ca paññā tadūpikā （but your wisdom is not in the same proportion） J．II，160．‹-› \\ __3．Conditional__ ： if [=Vedic ced，Lat．absque] D．I，186，207; II，36，57 （jāti ca not va）; M．I，91; S．III，66 （rūpañ ca attā abhavissa）; A．I，58; V，87; J．II，110 （ciram pi kho khadeyya yavaṁ ．．．ravamāno ca dūsayi ： “he might have caten a long time，if he had not come to harm by his cry，＂ or “but＂）; IV，487; V，185，216 （Sakko ca me varaṁ dajjā so ca labbhetha me varo ： “if S．will give me a wish，that wish will be granted，＂ or ： “whatever wish he will allow，that one will be fulfilled＂）; VI，206，208．-- **na ca** （at the beginning of an interrog．phrase）= if not S．I，190 （ahaṁ ca kho ．．．pavāremi，na ca me Bhagavā kiñci garahati ： if the Bh．will not blame me）．For BSk．ca=ced see AvŚ II．189，n．o． =====Dictionnaire Héritage du Sanscrit, Inria, Gérard Huet (dir.)===== **ca** conj. cl. et, aussi, ainsi que | mais, par contre, bien que; si | même; précisément, uniquement || lat. //que//.