====== bhava ======
===== bhava =====
//substantif// (masculin) : littéralement // qui devient// ; **renaissance**, état / forme d'existence
  * déclinaison : [[declinaison_noms|thème en -a]]
  * étymologie : [[bhavati|bhavati]]

===== bhāva =====
//substantif// (masculin) : **nature**, état, le fait d'être (devenu), condition, forme de devenir ou d'existence
  * déclinaison : [[declinaison_noms|thème en -a]]
  * étymologie : [[bhavati|bhavati]]
  * commentaire : emploi rare en terme isolé, sert surtout en postposition comme une abstraction du 1er terme ; exemples : //nānā-bhāva//, le fait d'être divers/différent, //vinā-bhāva//, le fait d'être séparé.

=====Pali-English Dictionary, TW Rhys Davids, William Stede=====
**bhava** [cp．Sk．bhava，as philosophical term late，but as N．of a deity Vedic; of bhū，see bhavati] “becoming，＂ （form of） rebirth，（state of） existence，a “life．＂ There are 3 states of existence conventionally enumd as kāma°， rūpa°， arūpa° or sensual existence，deva-corporeal，& formless existence （cp．rūpa） D．II，57; III，216; S．II，3; IV，258; A．II，223; III，444; Nd1 48; Nd2 s．v．dhātu B．; Vism．210=DA．I，34; Vism．529; VbhA．204．-- Another view is represented by the division of bhava into kamma° and upapatti° （uppatti°），or the active functioning of a life in relation to the fruitional，or resultant way of the next life （cp．Cpd．43） Vbh．137; Vism．571; VbhA．183; also in def．of bhava at Nd2 471 （kamma° and paṭisandhika punabbhava）．-- In the “causal chain＂ （Paṭicca-samuppāda，q．v．） bhava is represented as condition of birth （jāti），or resultant force for new birth．-- See Sn．361，514，742，839，923，1055，1133; Dh．348; Nd1 274; Vbh．294，358; Vism．556 sq．; DhA．IV，221; Sdhp．33，333，335．-- On itibhav’‹-› âbhava see iti，and add ref．Vbh．375．-- A remarkable use of bhava as nt．（obstr．） to bhū （in cpd．） is to be noted in the def．given by Bdhgh．of divya=divi bhavaṁ （for divi-bhū） KhA 227; SnA 199; and mānasaṁ=manasi bhavaṁ （for manasi-bhū） KhA 248，cp．Pāṇini IV．3，53．Similarly āroga bhava health DhA．I，328 for °bhava．-- Cp．anu°，vi°，sam°． --agga the best （state of） existence，the highest point of existence （among the gods） J．III，84; Vbh．426; Miln．132; KhA 179，249; SnA 17，41，507; often as highest “heaven＂ as opposed to Avīci，the lowest hell; thus at J．IV，182; VI，354; Miln．336．--aṅga constituent of becoming，function of being，functional state of subconsciousness，i．e．subliminal consciousness or subconscious life-continuum，the vital continuum in the absence of any process [of mind，or attention] （thus Mrs．Rh．D．in Expos．185 n．），subconscious individual life．See on term Cpd．26 sq．，265--267; & cp．Dhs．trsl．134．-- J．VI，82; Miln．299 sq．; Vism．164，676; DhsA．72，140，269; DhA．I，23; VbhA．81，156 sq．，406．--antaga “gone to the ends of existence，＂ past existence，Ep．of the Bhagavan Buddha Vism．210．--antara an existence interval，i．e．transition fr．one life to another，a previous or subsequent life Vism．553 sq．--âbhava this or that life，any form of existence some sort of existence Sn．1060，1068; Nd1 48，109，284; Nd2 472，664 A; Th．1，784 （ThA．mahantāmahanta bh．） ThA．71 （Ap．v．30）; VbhA．501．--āsava the intoxicant of existence D．III，216; Vbh．364，373．--uppatti coming into （a new） ex．-- Four such bh．-uppattis lead to rebirth among the foll．gods：the paritt’--ābhā devā，the appamāṇ’ābhā d．，the saṁkiliṭṭh’--ābhā d．，the parisuddh’--ābhā d．M．III，147．--esanā longing for rebirth D．III，216，270．--ogha the flood of rebirth （see ogha） Nd1 57，159; Vism．480．--cakka the wheel or round of rebirth，equivalent to the Paṭicca-samuppāda Vism．529，576 sq．; in the same context at VbhA．138，194 sq．--carimakā the last rebirth Vism．291．--taṇhā craving for rebirth D．III，212，216，274; S．V，432; Sn．746; Vbh．101，358，365; Th．2，458; ThA．282; VbhA．III，133．--netti [cp．BSk．bhava-netrī M．Vastu II．307; °netrika III，337] leader to renewed ex．，guide to ex．Vin．I，231; It．38; Dhs．1059≈ （cp．DhsA．364=bhava-rajju）．--saṁyojana the fetter of rebirth：see arahant II．C．--salla the sting or dart of rebirth Dh．351 （=sabbāni bhavagāmīni sallāni DhA．IV，70）．--sāta （pl．sātāni） the pleasures of ex．，variously enumd in sets of from one to six at Nd1 30．--ssita at J．V，371 read with v．l．as ghaṭa-ssita．\\ \\ 
**bhāva** [fr．bhū， cp．Vedic bhāva] 1．being，becoming，condition，nature; very rarely by itself （only in later & C．literature，as e．g．J．I，295 thīnaṁ bhāvo，perhaps best to be translated as “women’s character，＂ taking bhāva=attabhāva）; usually --°，denoting state or condition of，and representing an abstr．der．from the first part of the cpd．e．g．gadrabha° “asininity＂ J．II，109．Thus in connection with （a） adjectives：atthika° state of need PvA．120; ūna° depletion SnA 463; ekī° loneliness Vism．34; sithill° （for sithila° in conn．with kṛ & bhū） relaxation Vism．502．-- （b） adverbs．upari° high condition M．I，45; pātu° appearance Sn．560; vinā° difference Sn．588．（c） nouns & noun-derivations：atta° individual state，life，character Sn．388 （=citta SnA 374）; asaraṇa° state of not remembering DhA．III，121; samaṇa° condition of a recluse Sn．551．-- （d） forms of verbs：nibbatta° fact of being reborn DhA．III，121; magg’ārūḷha° the condition of having started on one’s way VvA．64; baddha° that he was bound; suhita° that they were well J．IV，279．The translation can give either a full sentence with “that it was＂ etc．（VvA．64：“that he had started on his way＂），or a phrase like “the fact or state of，＂ or use as an English abstract noun ending in --ness （atthika-bhāva needfulness，eki° loneliness），--ion （ūna° depletion，pātu° manifestation）．--hood （atta° selfhood），or --ship （samaṇa° recluseship）．‹-› Similarly in Com．style：sampayutta-bhāvo （m．） DhA．III，94，for *sampayuttattaṁ （abstr．）; bhākuṭikassa bhāvo=bhakuṭiyaṁ Vism．26; sovacassassa bhāvo= sovacassatā KhA 148; mittassa bh．=mettaṁ KhA 248．Here sometimes bhava for bhāva．-- 2．（in pregnant，specifically Buddhistic sense） cultivation or production by thought，mental condition，esp．a set mental condition （see der．bhāvanā）．Sometimes （restricted to Vin & J） in sense “thinking of someone，＂ i．e．affection，love，sentiment．-- （a） in combn khanti， diṭṭhi， ruci， bhāva at Vin．II，205; III，93; IV，3，4．-- （b） in Jātaka passages：J．V，237; VI，293 （bhāvaṁ karoti，with Loc．，to love）．--abhāva （late，only in C．style） not being，absence，want PvA．25; Abl．abhāvato through not being，in want of PvA．9，17．--sabhāva （sva+bhāva） see sep．
=====Dictionnaire Héritage du Sanscrit, Inria, Gérard Huet (dir.)=====
**bhava** [agt. bhū_1] m. existence, état; origine, naissance; prospérité, excellence | obtention, acquisition | le monde, la vie ici-bas | phil. qualité du sentiment exprimé par l'artiste et ressenti par le spectateur de l'œuvre artistique, l'un des 6 canons esthétiques des arts plastiques [ṣaḍaṅgaśilpa] | bd. continuité de l'existence \\ \\ 
**bhāva** [act. bhū_1] m. existence, présence; mode d'être; état, condition | état d'esprit; disposition; tempérament | situation; devenir; transition vers, transformation en <loc. iic.> | caractère, nature, essence; réalité; vérité | comportement, conduite | disposition psychologique, sentiment; pensée, intention | émotion, cœur; penchant, affection, amour | bd. l'instinct de survie et la copulation, 10e cause de souffrance [pratītyasamutpāda] | gram. résultat du procès lié à un verbe | astr. aspect d'une planète | astr. np. de Bhāva «Affectueux», qui personnalise l'an 8 d'un cycle de vie [saṃvatsara] | phil. [nyāya] relation discriminante (ex. pitṛputrabhāva) — ifc. état de (ex. bālabhāva jeunesse).